The text, verbatim
Everything above is derived from the text reproduced here. Read it
before relying on any summary.
§ 489.24(e)(1) The prohibition, and the two things that have to be true at once
Effective 1986-07-17
(1) General. If an individual at a hospital has an emergency medical condition that has not been stabilized (as defined in paragraph (b) of this section), the hospital may not transfer the individual unless—
Official text
The stem is a prohibition with two conditions joined by 'and': the transfer has to be an appropriate transfer under (e)(2) and one of the three routes in (e)(1)(ii) has to apply. Satisfying one of them does not satisfy the paragraph.
§ 489.24(e)(1)(i) First condition — the transfer has to be an appropriate transfer
Effective 1986-07-17
(i) The transfer is an appropriate transfer (within the meaning of paragraph (e)(2) of this section); and
(ii)
Official text
A cross-reference, not a restatement. The content of 'appropriate transfer' is four subparagraphs in (e)(2) and is printed on this page rather than summarised here.
§ 489.24(e)(1)(ii)(A) Route one — the individual asks, in writing
Effective 1986-07-17
(A) The individual (or a legally responsible person acting on the individual's behalf) requests the transfer, after being informed of the hospital's obligations under this section and of the risk of transfer. The request must be in writing and indicate the reasons for the request as well as indicate that he or she is aware of the risks and benefits of the transfer;
Official text
Three things have to be on the paper at once: the request, the reasons, and a statement that the person is aware of the risks and the benefits. The paragraph does not say who drafts it, whether the individual has to write it by hand, or what happens if a reason is left blank.
§ 489.24(e)(1)(ii)(B) Route two — a physician certifies
Effective 1986-07-17
(B) A physician (within the meaning of section 1861(r)(1) of the Act) has signed a certification that, based upon the information available at the time of transfer, the medical benefits reasonably expected from the provision of appropriate medical treatment at another medical facility outweigh the increased risks to the individual or, in the case of a woman in labor, to the woman or the unborn child, from being transferred. The certification must contain a summary of the risks and benefits upon which it is based; or
Official text
The standard is comparative — expected benefits against increased risks — and it is judged on what was known at the time of transfer, not in hindsight. 'Physician' is not defined in this section; the paragraph points to section 1861(r)(1) of the Act, which is outside the text on this page.
§ 489.24(e)(1)(ii)(C) Route three — a qualified medical person signs and a physician countersigns
Effective 1986-07-17
(C) If a physician is not physically present in the emergency department at the time an individual is transferred, a qualified medical person (as determined by the hospital in its by-laws or rules and regulations) has signed a certification described in paragraph (e)(1)(ii)(B) of this section after a physician (as defined in section 1861(r)(1) of the Act) in consultation with the qualified medical person, agrees with the certification and subsequently countersigns the certification. The certification must contain a summary of the risks and benefits upon which it is based.
Official text
Two signatures, in sequence: the qualified medical person signs, then the physician agrees in consultation and countersigns afterwards. The paragraph gives no interval for the countersignature and does not say what the status of the transfer is between the two. Who counts as a qualified medical person is left to the hospital's own by-laws or rules and regulations — the text delegates the definition and does not review what the hospital decides.
§ 489.24(e)(2) What 'appropriate' means, and that it is the whole test
Effective 1986-07-17
(2) A transfer to another medical facility will be appropriate only in those cases in which—
Official text
'Only' does the work here. The four subparagraphs that follow are conditions, not factors to weigh; the paragraph does not offer a balancing test for a transfer that meets three of the four.
§ 489.24(e)(2)(i) The transferring hospital treats first, within its capacity
Effective 1986-07-17
(i) The transferring hospital provides medical treatment within its capacity that minimizes the risks to the individual's health and, in the case of a woman in labor, the health of the unborn child;
Official text
The measure is the hospital's own capacity, not a general standard of care. The text does not say who determines what that capacity is at 3 a.m., nor what records the determination leaves behind.
§ 489.24(e)(2)(ii) The receiving facility has space, people, and has agreed
Effective 1986-07-17
(ii) The receiving facility—
(A) Has available space and qualified personnel for the treatment of the individual; and
(B) Has agreed to accept transfer of the individual and to provide appropriate medical treatment;
Official text
Two separate things: capacity, and an actual agreement. 'Has agreed' is written without saying by whom, in what form, or whether the agreement has to exist before the individual leaves.
§ 489.24(e)(2)(iii) The list of what goes with the individual
Effective 1986-07-17
(iii) The transferring hospital sends to the receiving facility all medical records (or copies thereof) related to the emergency condition which the individual has presented that are available at the time of the transfer, including available history, records related to the individual's emergency medical condition, observations of signs or symptoms, preliminary diagnosis, results of diagnostic studies or telephone reports of the studies, treatment provided, results of any tests and the informed written consent or certification (or copy thereof) required under paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section, and the name and address of any on-call physician (described in paragraph (g) of this section) who has refused or failed to appear within a reasonable time to provide necessary stabilizing treatment. Other records (e.g., test results not yet available or historical records not readily available from the hospital's files) must be sent as soon as practicable after transfer; and
Official text
This is the paragraph that turns an omission into a document: if an on-call physician has refused or failed to appear within a reasonable time, that physician's name and address travel to the receiving facility as part of the transfer record. Note the pointer — the paragraph says the on-call physician is 'described in paragraph (g) of this section'. Paragraph (g) is Termination of provider agreement and describes no physician. The material about on-call physicians is in paragraph (j). This page prints the pointer as written and does not amend it. The same subparagraph also splits the list across two clocks: what is available at the time of transfer goes then, and everything else — test results not yet available, historical records not readily available — goes 'as soon as practicable after transfer'.
§ 489.24(e)(2)(iv) The transfer itself — people and equipment
Effective 1986-07-17
(iv) The transfer is effected through qualified personnel and transportation equipment, as required, including the use of necessary and medically appropriate life support measures during the transfer.
Official text
'As required' is the whole qualifier and the paragraph never says required by what. Whether the transferring hospital's own staff have to accompany the individual is not answered here.
§ 489.24(d)(5) The mirror image — when the individual refuses the transfer
Effective 1986-07-17
(5) Refusal to consent to transfer. A hospital meets the requirements of paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section with respect to an individual if the hospital offers to transfer the individual to another medical facility in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section and informs the individual (or a person acting on his or her behalf) of the risks and benefits to the individual of the transfer, but the individual (or a person acting on the individual's behalf) does not consent to the transfer. The hospital must take all reasonable steps to secure the individual's written informed refusal (or that of a person acting on his or her behalf). The written document must indicate the person has been informed of the risks and benefits of the transfer and state the reasons for the individual's refusal. The medical record must contain a description of the proposed transfer that was refused by or on behalf of the individual.
Official text
Placed beside (e)(1)(ii)(A) the two read as a pair. Asking to be transferred takes a writing that gives reasons and states awareness of risks and benefits. Refusing takes a writing that states the person was informed of risks and benefits and gives the reasons for refusing — and it takes one thing more, a description in the medical record of the transfer that was refused. The request route has no equivalent of that last item. Both paragraphs are conditions on the hospital, and neither says what happens if the paper is never obtained.
§ 489.24(j) Where the on-call material actually is
Effective 1986-07-17
(j) Availability of on-call physicians. In accordance with the on-call list requirements specified in § 489.20(r)(2), a hospital must have written policies and procedures in place—
Official text
Printed here for one reason: (e)(2)(iii) sends the reader to paragraph (g) for the on-call physician whose name and address have to be sent, and (g) is about termination of a provider agreement. This is the opening of the paragraph that does concern on-call physicians. Whether the pointer is a leftover from an earlier arrangement of the section is not for this page to decide; the two texts are printed side by side and the difference is stated as a difference.
§ 489.24-editorial-note-omb The note at the end of the section
At 59 FR 32120, June 22, 1994, § 489.24 was added. Paragraphs (d) and (g) of this section contain information collection and recordkeeping requirements and will not become effective until approval has been given by the Office of Management and Budget.
Official text
The note names (d) and (g). It does not name (e), even though (e)(1)(ii)(A) requires a written request and (e)(2)(iii) requires records to be sent. Sec. 489.20 carries a note in the same shape naming (m), (r)(2) and (r)(3). Both notes are reproduced as printed on the current eCFR page. This page draws no conclusion from the omission of (e) and does not treat either note as suspending anything.